OVERVIEW

The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964 form the ethical and moral foundation of public service in India. They are not merely a codification of dos and don’ts but a reflection of the deeper philosophy that a civil servant is a trustee of public faith. The Rules embody the principle that public employment is a sacred duty where personal interest must yield to public good, and integrity must be the hallmark of every official action.

At their core, these Rules seek to uphold three enduring values — Integrity, Impartiality, and Accountability. They aim to ensure that every civil servant conducts herself in a manner befitting the dignity of her office and worthy of the confidence reposed in her by the public and the State. The conduct of a government servant is expected to exemplify devotion to duty, neutrality in action, and transparency in dealings.

The philosophy behind the CCS (Conduct) Rules stems from the belief that governance is a moral enterprise, and that laws and procedures are only as effective as the integrity of the people who administer them. Thus, the Rules lay down guiding norms for behaviour both within and outside office. They extend beyond the workplace into the private sphere wherever personal conduct may influence public perception of the service as a whole.

The soul of the Rules lies in the concept of ethical restraint — not as a limitation on individual freedom, but as a conscious exercise of discipline that strengthens public confidence in administration. Civil servants, by virtue of their position, wield significant authority and access to information. The Rules therefore seek to prevent misuse of official position for private gain, conflicts of interest, and behaviour that might compromise fairness or impartiality.

Equally significant is the emphasis on integrity and honesty in financial and personal dealings. Provisions regarding acceptance of gifts, management of property, speculation in stocks, or employment of family members are not meant to intrude into privacy but to preserve credibility. Public trust is sustained when civil servants demonstrate through their own example that accountability begins at the personal level.

A notable aspect of the Rules is the requirement of information, declaration, and prior permission in matters where personal interests may intersect with official responsibilities. Government servants are obligated to furnish information or obtain sanction before undertaking activities such as acquisition or disposal of immovable property, engagement in trade or business, acceptance of gifts, foreign travel, or participation in private employment post-retirement. These requirements are not bureaucratic formalities but safeguards designed to prevent conflicts of interest, misuse of position, and accumulation of unaccounted assets.

The Rules also carry a humanitarian dimension. The expectation of courtesy, humility, and restraint in behaviour reflects the belief that public service is a moral vocation, not a privilege. Respect towards citizens, colleagues, and subordinates, and the avoidance of discrimination or harsh conduct, affirm that the dignity of service lies in its fairness and compassion.

Ultimately, the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964 are animated by a vision of the civil service as a disciplined, principled, and service-oriented institution. Their purpose is not punitive but preventive and reformative

RULES INDEX

S. No	Rule No.	Title	Brief Summary
1	Rule 1	Short title, commencement and application	Scope and who the rules apply to.
2	Rule 2	Definitions	Key definitions used in the Rules
3	Rule 3	General	Core obligations: integrity, devotion to duty, unbecoming of government servant
4	Rule 3-A	Promptness and Courtesy	Expectation of prompt and courteous official behaviour.
5	Rule 3-B	Observance of Government’s policies	Government servants must follow government policies (age of marriage, environment, etc).
6	Rule 3-C	Prohibition of sexual harassment of working women	Prohibits sexual harassment at workplace
7	Rule 4	Employment of near relatives of Government servants in companies or firms	Restrictions on employment of family members in companies/ firms with which one has official dealings.
8	Rule 5	Taking part in politics and elections	Political Neutrality
9	Rule 6	Joining of associations by Government servants	Not to join associations whose objectives are prejudicial to the interests of India/public order/morality.
10	Rule 7	Demonstrations and Strikes	Prohibition on taking part in demonstrations or strikes or gherao
11	Rule 8	Connection with Press or other media	Restraints on communication or association with press/media in certain cases.
12	Rule 9	Criticism of Government	Prohibition on public criticism of government or its policies.
13	Rule 10	Evidence before Committee or any other authority	Conditions under which a government servant may give evidence before committees/authorities.
14	Rule 11	Communication of official information	Obligations regarding confidentiality of official information.

S. No	Rule No.	Title	Brief Summary
15	Rule 12	Subscriptions	Rules on making subscriptions, donations, etc. for public or private bodies.
16	Rule 13	Gifts	Restrictions on acceptance of gifts to prevent undue influence.
17	Rule 13-A	Dowry	Prohibition relating to dowry practice by government servants.
18	Rule 14	Public demonstration in honour of Government servants	Restrictions on public demonstrations to honour government servants (i.e., personal aggrandisement).
19	Rule 15	Private trade or employment	Prohibition/conditions for private trade or employment outside government duties.
20	Rule 15-A	Subletting and vacation of Government accommodation	Rules regarding sub-letting of government accommodation and its vacation.
21	Rule 16	Investments, lending and borrowing	Rules relating to investments, lending/borrowing to avoid indebtedness and conflict of interest.
22	Rule 17	Insolvency and habitual indebtedness	Provisions relating to insolvency and habitual indebtedness.
23	Rule 18	Movable, immovable and valuable property	Declaration and prior intimation/permission required for movable and immovable property transactions.
24	Rule 18-A	Restrictions in relation to acquisition and disposal of immovable property outside India and transactions with foreigners, etc.	Special restrictions relating to foreign property/transactions.
25	Rule 19	Vindication of acts and character of Government servants	Conditions under which a government servant may vindicate his act/character through public media etc.
26	Rule 20	Canvassing of non-official or other outside influence	Prohibits use of outside influence, canvassing for personal favours.
27	Rule 21	Restriction regarding marriage	Restrictions on marriage (under certain conditions) for government servants.
28	Rule 22	Consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs	Rules about not being under influence or drinking in public places
29	Rule 22-A	Prohibition regarding employment of children below 14 years of age	Government servant prohibited from employing children under 14 years of age.
30	Rule 23	Interpretation	Power to interpret rules and relax provisions in individual cases.
31	Rule 24	Delegation of Powers	Delegation of powers by competent authority under the Rules.
32	Rule 25	Repeal and Saving	Repeals previous rules and provides for saving of existing actions.

What does it cover?

CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964- mutatis mutandis

A Snapshot of CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964

(An indicative Guide on Intimation, Permission, Conduct, and Prohibited Acts)

This comprehensive appendix presents all major Conduct Rules for ready reference. It outlines what requires intimation, when permission is necessary, how conduct is to be maintained, and what acts are prohibited under each rule of the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964.

Rule No.	How Conduct is to Be Maintained	What Needs to Be Intimated	Where Permission is to be solicited	What Must Not Be Done
Rule 3	Integrity, devotion for duty, neutrality, transparency, and Impartiality	Declaration of private interests and conflicts.	----	Misuse of position or discrimination on any ground.
Rule 3A	Be prompt and courteous.	----.	----	Delay/dilatory tactics and discourtesy.
Rule 3B	Compliance to Government policies/ Instructions.	----	----	Non-observance of prescribed policies.
Rule 3C	Be mindful towards dignity of a women	----	----	Any act or conduct of sexual harassment.
Rule 4	Refrain from nepotism	Employment of family in firm with official dealings.	(Group-A) officers before family accepts such jobs.	Use of influence for securing employment of relatives.
Rule 5	Remain politically neutral.	If family member joins politics.	----	Joining, canvassing, aid, donation to Political Party
Rule 6	—--	—--	—--	Membership of associations prejudicial to Sovereignty, Integrity, Public Order and Morality.
Rule 7	Maintain public order.	----	---	Participation in strike, demonstration against Sovereignty, Integrity and Public Order.
Rule 8	----	----	Sanction to own/manage newspaper or media.	----
Rule 9	Exercise restraint and objectivity.	----	----	Adverse criticism of Govt. policy.
Rule 10	Be truthful and factual.	Report when giving evidence.	Sanction to appear before non-Govt. Inquiries.	Criticizing Govt. while giving evidence.
Rule 11	Maintain confidentiality.	----	----	Unauthorised disclosure of information
Rule 12	----	----	Sanction for raising or accepting contributions.	Unauthorised collection of funds.

Rule No.	How Conduct is to Be Maintained	What Needs to Be Intimated	Where Permission is to be solicited	What Must Not Be Done
Rule 13	----	Report gifts exceeding ₹25,000 (Group-A), ₹15,000 (Group-B), ₹7,500. (Group-C)- On Customary Occasions* As on date	Permission for non-customary/religious occasion. ₹5000/- for Group-A & Group-B ₹2000/- for Group C	Accepting gifts or hospitality from official contacts.
Rule 13A	Maintain propriety in marriage matters.	----	----	Indulgence in dowry.
Rule 14	----	----	Sanction to attend functions/testimonial	----
Rule 15	Remain Committed to Govt. work	Report family’s trade or business.	Sanction for trade, employment, elective post, or media work.	Engaging in trade or paid work without sanction.
Rule 15A	Use Govt. housing responsibly.	----	----	Sub-letting or leasing allotted quarters.
Rule 16	Maintain financial integrity.	Report borrowing, lending and investment that may embarrass Govt.	Sanction for borrowing/lending involving official contacts.	Speculative investments Borrowing, Lending with persons having official dealings.
Rule 17	Manage finances prudently.	Report legal proceedings in Financial dealings	----	Habitual indebtedness or insolvency.
Rule 18	Maintain transparency in ownership of movable and immovable.	Declare all assets on appointment; Annual Return for Group A/B; movable transactions > 2 months’ Basic Pay.	Sanction for immovable property dealings with official contacts.	Concealment or unreported assets.
Rule 18A	----	----	Sanction for transactions abroad or with foreigners.	Dealings with foreigners without sanction.
Rule 19	Use official channels, not public media.	Report legal or media action for private character.	Sanction to approach court/press for official vindication.	Publicising official matters without sanction.
Rule 20	Seek advancement by merit.	----	----	Bringing external or political influence.
Rule 21	----	Intimate if marrying foreign national.	Permission for marriage if spouse living in certain cases.	Bigamy or marriage with foreigner without sanction.
Rule 22	----	----	----	Appearing intoxicated in public places.
Rule 22A	----	----	----	Employing child under 14 years.

Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964

Nature & Scope

Rule 1: General Principles and Conduct Guidelines

Government servants hold a position of public trust and responsibility. Their conduct must reflect integrity, impartiality, and professionalism to uphold the credibility of the government and maintain public confidence. The CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, provide a structured framework to ensure that government employees perform their duties with the highest ethical standards . This chapter outlines the fundamental principles governing government servants, including their general conduct, observance of government policies, promptness, and workplace ethics.

Rule 2: Definitions

To ensure clarity in the application of conduct rules, the regulations define several key terms.

Government servant: refers to any person serving under the Central Government, whether on a permanent, temporary, or contractual basis, excluding those specifically exempted, such as members of the All India Services, Defence Services, and Railway Services² .

Government: refers to the Government of India, including its ministries, departments, and attached offices.

Prescribed authority: refers to the competent authority designated to enforce specific provisions of these rules.

The definition of family: is very wide under Conduct Rules. The Family includes spouse, dependent children (whether married or unmarried), stepchildren, and other dependents by blood or marriage living with or financially supported by the government servant³ .

Member of family: refers to individuals whose financial or professional engagements may impact the government servant’s duties, making them subject to restrictions on property transactions, financial dealings, and business engagements.

Public place: refers to any location accessible to the general public, including government offices, markets, parks, transport hubs, and institutions.

Sexual harassment: includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in the workplace⁴ .

These definitions provide a foundational understanding of how the rules apply and ensure uniform interpretation and enforcement across government offices.

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• ¹ Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rule 1. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
• ² Ibid., Rule 2(c).
• ³ Ibid., Rule 2(b).
• ⁴ Government of India. (2013). Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, Sections 2(n) & 3.

Rule 3: General Conduct

A government servant must always uphold integrity, honesty, and devotion to duty. Their actions should reflect impartiality and fairness, ensuring that government work is carried out transparently and without personal bias⁵ .

Employees must act in a way that maintains the dignity of public service, avoiding conduct that is unbecoming of their position. They are expected to adhere to government policies, perform duties efficiently, and not misuse their position for personal gain.

Engaging in corrupt practices, favoritism, or any form of discrimination is strictly prohibited. Every government servant must ensure that their personal beliefs and affiliations do not interfere with their official responsibilities and public discourse.

Some Fundamentals of Conduct by the Government Servants:

Rule 3A: Promptness and Courtesy

Government servants must be responsive and professional in all their interactions, ensuring efficiency in governance and public service delivery.

Employees are required to respond promptly to official communications, public grievances, and service-related requests. Deliberate delays in decision-making or service delivery erode public trust and are considered misconduct⁶.

Professionalism and courtesy must be maintained when interacting with the public, colleagues, subordinates, and higher authorities. Government servants should communicate respectfully, listen to concerns, and provide assistance without bias or hostility.

Failure to adhere to these expectations may lead to disciplinary action, as delays or discourteous behavior impact the effectiveness of public administration.

Rule 3B: Observance of Government Policies

Government servants must strictly adhere to and implement government policies in their official capacity. Their actions should align with the objectives and directives of the government, ensuring efficient execution of programs and policies⁷ .

Employees are not permitted to publicly oppose government policies, create obstacles in policy implementation, or influence decision-making based on personal biases. Even if a government servant disagrees with a policy, they must use internal channels to express their concerns rather than making public statements.

All decisions should be taken based on official guidelines, precedence, and prescribed procedures, avoiding arbitrary actions. This ensures consistency and uniformity in governance.

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• ⁵ CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rule 3(1).
• ⁶ Ibid., Rule 3A.
• ⁷ Ibid., Rule 3B.

Rule 3C: Prohibition of Sexual Harassment of Working Women

Government offices must provide a safe, inclusive, and harassment-free environment for all employees, particularly women. Any form of sexual harassment, gender discrimination, or inappropriate behavior is strictly prohibited⁸ .

Sexual harassment includes unwelcome physical contact, sexually suggestive remarks, inappropriate comments, requests for sexual favors, or any behavior that creates an intimidating or offensive work environment.

Supervisory officers and department heads are responsible for ensuring a zero-tolerance policy against sexual harassment, taking swift action against offenders. Complaints should be addressed promptly, in accordance with government-prescribed mechanisms for workplace safety and grievance redressal² .

Government servants must be aware that failure to prevent or report harassment may also invite disciplinary action. Workplace dignity and professionalism are essential for an effective and ethical government administration.

This chapter outlines the fundamental principles that govern the behavior of government servants, emphasizing integrity, efficiency, courtesy, adherence to policies, and workplace ethics. These rules establish the framework for responsible governance, ensuring that government employees maintain public trust and professionalism.

Political Neutrality and Public Engagement

A government servant is expected to remain impartial and politically neutral in order to maintain the integrity of public administration. The CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, prohibit government employees from engaging in political activities, participating in strikes or demonstrations, and publicly expressing views that may compromise their role as impartial administrators . This chapter outlines the restrictions on employment of family members, political participation, membership in associations, demonstrations, and engagement with the media.

Rule 4: Employment of Members of Family in Companies or Firms

To prevent conflicts of interest, government servants must ensure that their family members’ employment does not interfere with official duties or create a situation where undue influence is exercised.

A government servant must not allow their spouse or any family member dependent on them to accept employment in a company or firm that has official dealings with the government without prior approval from the prescribed authority. If a close family member is already employed in such an organization, the government servant must promptly inform the competent authority¹¹.

The objective of this rule is to ensure that government servants do not engage in nepotism, favoritism, or unethical influence in official dealings with private entities.

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• ⁸ Ibid., Rule 3C.
• ⁹ Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. (2014). OM No. 11013/2/2014-Estt.(A-III), Guidelines on Prevention of Sexual Harassment.
• ¹⁰ Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rule 5. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

Rule 5: Taking Part in Politics and Elections

Government employees must maintain strict political neutrality and are prohibited from taking part in political activities.

A government servant shall not be a member of any political party, nor shall they assist or be associated with political organizations engaged in political activities. Government servants must not participate in political campaigns, rallies, protests, or demonstrations, and they must not publicly express their support or opposition to any political party or cause ¹².

Although government servants have the right to vote, they must exercise this right without publicizing their political preferences or influencing others in any manner. Any canvassing, fundraising, or public endorsement of political candidates is strictly prohibited.

By enforcing political neutrality, this rule ensures that government servants remain impartial and dedicated to their official duties, unaffected by political influences.

Rule 6: Joining of Associations

While government employees may join professional and social organizations, their membership must not conflict with their official responsibilities.

A government servant shall not join or continue to be a member of any association whose activities are political in nature or whose objectives conflict with the interests of the government. If an employee wishes to be part of an organization related to their professional work, prior approval from the government is required¹³ .

Government servants must also avoid associations that engage in lobbying, activism, or advocacy that contradicts government policies. Membership in such organizations can lead to disciplinary action.

Rule 7: Demonstrations and Strikes

Participation in demonstrations and strikes is strictly prohibited to ensure the smooth functioning of government services and maintain administrative discipline¹⁴.

A government servant must not engage in, support, or promote any form of strike, demonstration, or agitation that disrupts government operations or seeks to pressure authorities into making decisions. This includes activities such as mass casual leave, go-slow tactics, sit-ins, or workplace boycotts.

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• ¹¹ Ibid., Rule 4.
• ¹² Ibid., Rule 5(1)–(2).
• ¹³ Ibid., Rule 6.
• ¹⁴ Ibid., Rule 7.

Government servants must resolve grievances through official channels rather than resorting to disruptive collective actions. Organizing or inciting others to participate in protests or strikes is a violation of the Conduct Rules and may result in disciplinary action.

This rule is essential for ensuring that government services are uninterrupted and public administration remains effective.

Rule 8: Connection with the Press or Other Media

Government employees, unless authorized specifically, are restricted from engaging with the press and media in a manner that could misrepresent government policies or compromise official information¹⁵ .

A government servant shall not own, manage, or contribute to any newspaper, magazine, or publication that is political or controversial in nature. Employees must also not provide public statements, interviews, or media articles on government matters without prior approval.

If a government servant is approached by the press for comments on official matters, they must refer the inquiry to the authorized government spokesperson¹⁶.

Unauthorized disclosures of information, making statements critical of government policies, or sharing official matters on public platforms such as social media may lead to disciplinary action.

This rule ensures that all official communication is properly vetted, accurate, and does not mislead the public or create administrative conflicts.

This chapter establishes the principles of political neutrality and restrictions on public engagement for government employees. By ensuring that government servants do not engage in political activities, participate in demonstrations, or publicly express opinions that may compromise their official roles, the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, uphold the impartiality and professionalism of public administration.

Expression of Opinion and Public Communications

Government servants are required to maintain restraint and discretion in expressing opinions, particularly regarding government policies, administration, and governance. The CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, impose restrictions on public criticism, participation in external inquiries, communication of official information, and subscriptions to certain organizations.

These rules ensure that official matters remain confidential, government policies are not undermined, and employees maintain professionalism in their public conduct¹⁷ .

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• ¹⁵ Ibid., Rule 8(1).
• ¹⁶ Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. (2011). OM No. 11013/3/2011-Estt.A. Clarification on media interaction by government employees.

Rule 9: Criticism of Government

A government servant must not make statements or public expressions that are critical of the government’s present or current policies or actions.

Government employees are prohibited from making statements, writing articles, or expressing views in public forums that question, criticize, or bring disrepute to government policies, actions, or administration. This includes newspapers, television interviews, books, public speeches, and social media platforms¹⁸.

Criticism of government policies may lead to misinterpretation of official decisions, erosion of public confidence, and disruption of administrative discipline. However, government servants may express views on administrative improvements or suggest policy changes through internal government channels or officially permitted discussion forums.

The purpose of this restriction is to display that Government as a whole unit has one voice/view on any present or current policy.

Exceptions to this restriction include cases where employees express their views in scholarly or academic discussions, provided that such opinions do not compromise government integrity or policy execution.

Rule 10: Evidence Before Committees or Authorities

Government servants must obtain prior permission before appearing as witnesses or providing evidence before any external authority, inquiry committee, or judicial body.

Employees are not permitted to give evidence, make statements, or participate in external investigations that relate to government policies, decisions, or administrative actions unless duly authorized by the competent authority¹⁹ .

Exceptions to this restriction include cases where:

• The government servant is summoned by a court or statutory authority as a witness.
• The evidence is presented before an officially designated committee or inquiry body constituted by the government.
• The employee has received prior approval from the competent authority to provide relevant information.

This rule ensures that government policies and sensitive matters remain confidential and are not publicly debated or misinterpreted.

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• ¹⁷ Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Introduction to Rule 9–12. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
• ¹⁸ Ibid., Rule 9.
• ¹⁹ Ibid., Rule 10

Rule 11: Communication of Official Information

A government servant must not communicate, share, or disclose any official information, documents, or government records to unauthorized individuals or organizations. The unauthorized disclosure of classified, sensitive, or unpublished government information is strictly prohibited and may result in disciplinary action²⁰.

Employees must ensure that all official correspondence, reports, and discussions remain within authorized channels. Information can be shared only when:

• It is required for official purposes and within prescribed guidelines.
• It is published under government authorization in the form of official statements or press releases.
• It is necessary for parliamentary proceedings or court hearings, following official procedures.
• It has been asked for through an application for information under RTI Act and does not fall under exempted category in relevant sections of the Act.

Unauthorized sharing of government decisions, policies, or administrative matters on social media, press briefings, or personal communications is a serious violation of conduct rules.

Rule 12: Subscriptions

Government servants must not engage in fundraising, contributions, or solicitations for any external cause without proper authorization.

Employees are prohibited from:

• Raising funds or collecting subscriptions for charitable, religious, or political purposes in government offices or official premises.
• Soliciting financial assistance from subordinates, contractors, or individuals with official dealings.
• Contributing to funds or organizations that engage in political or anti-government activities.

However, employees may contribute to officially approved causes such as government welfare programs, relief funds, and officially designated charitable organizations. Any deviation from this rule requires explicit approval from the competent authority²¹ . Collection of subscription for a compassionate ground by registered Association/Union is allowed only with previous permission and as an exception. Such collection is not allowed to an individual public servant.

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• ²⁰ Ibid., Rule 11.
• ²¹Ibid., Rule 12.

This chapter emphasizes the importance of restraint in public expression, protection of confidential government information, and restrictions on financial solicitations. Government servants are expected to conduct themselves with discipline, avoid public criticism of policies, and maintain the confidentiality of official matters.

Gifts, Business, and Financial Conduct

Government servants must uphold the highest standards of integrity and ethical conduct in all financial and business matters. The CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, establish clear guidelines on the acceptance of gifts, prohibition of dowry, involvement in business activities, and financial discipline. These rules are designed to ensure that government employees remain free from corruption, conflicts of interest, and financial liabilities that may affect their official duties²² .

Rule 13: Acceptance of Gifts

Government servants are required to exercise caution when accepting gifts to avoid any perception of favoritism or undue influence.

Employees shall not accept gifts from individuals or organizations with whom they have official dealings, except in limited circumstances where the gift is of nominal value and does not compromise integrity or cast upon any obligation on the Government servant for reciprocal or preferential treatment. Gifts include cash, jewelry, hospitality, travel benefits, or any valuable item received as a token of appreciation²³ .

Under prescribed limits, government servants may accept gifts on occasions such as weddings, religious ceremonies, or official functions. However, if the value of the gift exceeds the permissible limit, the employee must report it to the competent authority.

Receiving of gift is allowed during special occasions e.g. self-marriage, anniversary, etc as per the following rates. If the amount is more, complete details are required to be reported upon: -

• (a) Gp `A’ – Upto Rs 25,000/-
• (b) Gp `B’ – Upto Rs 15,000/-
• (c) Gp `C’ – Upto Rs 7,500/-

On Other Occasions, prescribed limit for receiving the gift is given below. If the amount is more, previous permission will be required:-

• (a) Gp `A’ & B – Rs 5,000/-
• (b) Gp `C’ – Rs 2,000/-

In cases where refusal of a gift may cause embarrassment, the employee may accept it but must immediately declare it to the government and seek guidance on its disposal.

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• ²² Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rules 13–17. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
• ²³ Ibid., Rule 13.

Rule 13A: Dowry Prohibition

Government servants must adhere to laws prohibiting the exchange of dowry in marriage transactions.

No government employee shall demand, give, or receive dowry directly or indirectly, as defined under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. Employees found engaging in dowry-related practices are subject to strict disciplinary action, including dismissal from service²⁴ .

To maintain public trust, government servants must ensure that their conduct in personal matters reflects the principles of equality and fairness upheld by the government.

Rule 14: Public Demonstrations in Honor of Government Servants

Government servants are prohibited from allowing public demonstrations or receptions organized in their honor if such events may be seen as an attempt to influence their official position.

No employee shall participate in any public function, award ceremony, or felicitation event organized by individuals or institutions that have official dealings with the government. Such events may create a perception of bias and favoritism.

However, official honors and awards conferred by the government or recognized institutions are permissible, provided they do not affect the employee’s neutrality and objectivity in government service²⁵.

Rule 15: Private Trade or Employment

Government servants must not engage in private business or accept employment outside their official duties unless explicitly permitted by the government.

Employees shall not:

• Run a private business, trade, or commercial venture while in government service.
• Accept a paid or unpaid position in a private company, firm, or non-governmental organization without prior government approval.
• Act as a consultant, financial advisor, or board member of any private entity engaged in business activities²⁶ .

However, employees may take up honorary work in educational, religious, or charitable institutions, provided such activities do not interfere with their official responsibilities. Any violation of this rule may result in disciplinary action.

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• ²⁴ Government of India. (1961). The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, Section 3–4.
• ²⁵ CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rule 14.
• ²⁶ Ibid., Rule 15.

Previous permission for joining any elective office is required. Further, in case, previous sanctions are granted by the competent authority for private trade or business, relevant provisions of Fees under FRSR are applicable.

Rule 15A: Subletting and Vacation of Government Accommodation

Government servants provided with official accommodation must adhere to strict rules regarding its usage, subletting, and timely vacation upon cessation of service.

A government servant shall not sublet, lease, or share government accommodation allotted to them without prior permission from the competent authority. Allowing any unauthorized person to stay in government quarters is strictly prohibited. Employees must also vacate the premises upon transfer, retirement, resignation, or termination of service.

Failure to vacate government accommodation within the stipulated time may result in penal rent, legal action, or disciplinary proceedings. Any misuse or unauthorized occupation of government quarters may be treated as misconduct²⁷.

Rule 16: Investment, Lending, and Borrowing

Government servants must follow financial discipline in their personal financial dealings, particularly in investments, lending, and borrowing.

Employees shall not:

• Make speculative investments in stocks (intra-day trading and similar practices), shares, or property that could lead to conflicts of interest.
• Lend or borrow money from subordinates, colleagues, or individuals with whom they have official dealings.
• Engage in financial transactions that may result in undue influence or financial dependence on another person²⁸ .

If an employee is required to make a significant financial transaction, such as purchasing property or investing in high-value assets, they must report it to the government if the amount exceeds the prescribed limit In case overall transaction in shares/debenture/Mutual Funds/SIP in a calendar year is more than six times of the Basic Pay, details are required to be reported upon in the prescribed format, as is the case of Annual Property Return.

Rule 17: Insolvency and Habitual Indebtedness

A government servant must manage their financial obligations responsibly to ensure that personal financial distress does not affect their official duties.

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• ²⁷ Government of India. (1961). The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, Section 3–4.
• ²⁸ Ibid., Rule 16.

An employee who becomes insolvent or is unable to meet their financial liabilities may be subject to an inquiry to determine whether their financial mismanagement affects their ability to perform their duties. Habitual indebtedness, defined as repeated failure to clear financial obligations, reflects poorly on a government servant’s integrity and may result in disciplinary action²⁹ .

Employees must ensure that they handle their finances prudently, avoiding excessive loans or debts that could impact their professional reputation or impartiality.

This chapter highlights the ethical and financial responsibilities of government servants. By regulating the acceptance of gifts, prohibiting dowry, restricting private trade, and ensuring financial discipline, the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, seek to maintain the integrity and credibility of government employees.

Property Transactions and Personal Conduct

Government servants must maintain transparency and accountability in their financial and personal dealings to uphold public confidence in administration. The CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, lay down clear provisions regarding declaration of property, transactions with foreign entities, vindication of personal acts, influence peddling, and restrictions on marriage. These rules ensure that employees act with integrity, avoid conflicts of interest, and adhere to ethical personal conduct³⁰ .

Rule 18: Declaration of Movable, Immovable, and Valuable Property

A government servant must declare all movable and immovable property, including valuable assets, to the government at prescribed intervals.

Employees are required to submit annual property returns, listing details of land, buildings, jewellery, shares, bonds, and any other high-value assets owned by them, their spouse, or dependent family members.

Prior permission from the competent authority is required before purchasing, selling, or transferring any immovable property such as land, houses, or apartments. Transactions involving large sums of money or significant financial gains must be reported to the government to ensure accountability³¹ .

Failure to declare assets or engaging in transactions beyond legitimate means may result in disciplinary action or legal scrutiny.

In case the purchase value of share/equity/debenture, etc, being movable property, is more than two times of the Basic Pay, then it is a transaction under Rule 18. However, if it is more than six times of the Basic Pay, then reporting is to be made both under Rule 16 as well as under Rule 18.

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• ²⁹ Ibid., Rule 17.
• ³⁰Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rules 18–21A. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
• ³¹Ibid., Rule 18.

Rule 18A: Restrictions on Transactions with Foreigners and Foreign Governments

To prevent undue influence and security risks, government servants are restricted in their financial and property dealings with foreign nationals, foreign organizations, and foreign governments³² .

Employees must not accept gifts, grants, or loans from any foreign entity, foreign government, or foreign-controlled business unless explicitly approved by the government. Engaging in financial transactions, property purchases, or investments in foreign-controlled businesses must also be cleared by the prescribed authority.

These restrictions ensure that government employees remain free from foreign influence and safeguard national security interests.

Rule 19: Vindication of Acts and Character of Government Servants

Government servants are expected to maintain their reputation and dignity without engaging in unnecessary public disputes or legal battles.

An employee shall not approach the media, publish materials, or initiate court proceedings to vindicate their official conduct or character without prior government approval. If a government servant believes they have been wrongfully accused or misrepresented, they must seek redressal through official channels rather than personal legal action or public statements³³ .

However, the government may permit legal action in cases where the allegations are serious and affect the employee’s credibility.

Rule 20: Canvassing of Non-Official or Other Influence

Government servants must not attempt to secure personal benefits, promotions, transfers, or favors through political or non-official influence.

Employees are prohibited from seeking recommendations, lobbying for positions, or using third-party influence to secure official benefits. Any attempt to influence government decisions through political figures, influential individuals, or external organizations may lead to disciplinary action³⁴ .

This rule ensures that government employees are judged solely on merit and professional competence, maintaining fairness and transparency in administrative processes.

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• ³² Ibid., Rule 18A.
• ³³ Ibid., Rule 19..
• ³⁴ Ibid., Rule 20..

Rule 21: Restriction Regarding Marriage

A government servant must comply with personal conduct rules regarding marriage, polygamy and relationships.

An employee who wishes to marry a foreign national must seek prior approval from the government. This restriction is imposed to ensure that such marriages do not lead to security concerns or conflicts of interest³⁵ .

Additionally, government servants must comply with personal laws governing marriage and ensure that their conduct remains consistent with public service ethics.

Rule 21A: Prohibition of Bigamous Marriages

Government servants are strictly prohibited from entering into a second marriage while their first spouse is still alive, except where permitted by personal law.

If an employee, whose personal laws do not allow bigamy, enters into a second marriage without legally dissolving the first, she will be subject to disciplinary action, which may include removal from service³⁶ .

This rule reinforces ethical conduct and legal compliance in personal matters, ensuring that employees do not engage in activities that may damage the reputation of public service.

Prohibitions and Post-Retirement Conduct

The conduct of government servants is expected to be exemplary, both during their tenure and after retirement. Certain activities are explicitly prohibited to ensure discipline, professional integrity, and compliance with ethical standards. The CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, impose restrictions on the consumption of intoxicants, employment of children, and other miscellaneous aspects of conduct, ensuring that employees remain responsible and accountable³⁷ .

Rule 22: Consumption of Intoxicating Drinks and Drugs

Government servants must conduct themselves in a manner that maintains public confidence in the administration. Consumption of alcohol or use of drugs can impair judgment, lead to misconduct, and create a negative impression of public service.

Employees must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs while on duty or in public places. While consumption of alcohol in private life is not explicitly prohibited, employees must ensure that it does not affect their professional responsibilities or bring disrepute to the service³⁸ .

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• ³⁵ Ibid., Rule 21.
• ³⁶Ibid., Rule 21A.
• ³⁷Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, Rules 22–25. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

Any government servant found intoxicated in a manner that affects official duties or public conduct may face disciplinary action. States or departments where alcohol consumption is restricted must also comply with local laws and prohibitions.

Rule 22A: Prohibition Regarding Employment of Children Below 14 Years

Government servants must not engage in or support child labour, ensuring compliance with national child protection laws.

No employee shall employ a child below the age of 14 years as a domestic servant or for any personal or professional purpose. Any violation of this rule is treated as serious misconduct and is subject to disciplinary action³⁹ .

Government employees are expected to promote child welfare and set an example by adhering to laws related to child rights and protection.

Rules 23 to 25: Miscellaneous Provisions

The final provisions of the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, clarify interpretation, delegation of powers, and repeal of earlier regulations.

The government reserves the right to interpret these rules and issue additional clarifications as needed. Departments may delegate specific powers related to conduct enforcement, provided such delegations comply with the overall framework of civil service regulations⁴⁰ .

With the introduction of these rules, earlier conflicting provisions are repealed to maintain consistency in administrative guidelines.

This chapter highlights the prohibitions placed on government servants to maintain discipline, ethical conduct, and compliance with national laws. Restrictions on substance use, child employment, and adherence to civil service regulations reinforce the principles of responsible governance.

The takeaway Point:

While many dos and don’ts have been prescribed in the above rules, their scope is not restricted to these dos and don’ts only and its scope may enlarge under Rule 3(iii) i.e. “EVERY GOVERNMENT SERVANT SHALL AT ALL TIMES DO NOTHING WHICH IS UNBECOMING OF A GOVERNMENT SERVANT⁴¹ ”

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• ³⁸ Ibid., Rule 22.
• ³⁹ Ibid., Rule 22A; see also Government of India. (1986). Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, Section 3.
• ⁴⁰ Ibid., Rules 23–25.
• ⁴¹ Ibid., Rule 3(1)(iii).

Reflective Situation:

The Dilemma of an Officer

Meera, a mid-level officer in a central government department, has recently received a formal invitation from an NGO where her sister is employed. The NGO is organizing a public event to recognize individuals who have contributed to women’s empowerment. Meera is among those selected to be felicitated. Although the event is apolitical and not funded by any government body, the NGO has received some grants from Meera’s department in the past, including during the financial year in which the felicitation is scheduled.

Simultaneously, Meera has been asked by her close friend—a well-known journalist—to contribute an article for a widely circulated magazine on the challenges faced by working women in the bureaucracy. The article would reflect her personal experiences, not government policies. However, the magazine is known to carry editorials critical of government functioning.

Meera is proud of her work and wishes to accept the honour and share her experiences through the article. Yet, she is also mindful of her obligations under the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, especially concerning Rules 8, 14, and 19.

She now faces a critical choice: should she attend the felicitation and write the article—or should she refrain from both to avoid violating the conduct rules?

Solution (One Reasoned Possibility):

This situation presents overlapping concerns of public recognition, association with external organizations, and public expression, all of which are governed by the CCS (Conduct) Rules.

Regarding the felicitation:

Rule 14 of the CCS (Conduct) Rules prohibits public demonstrations or receptions in honour of a government servant if they are organized by individuals or bodies that have official dealings with the government servant’s department. Since the NGO has received grants from Meera’s department, and her sister is employed there, attending the felicitation could give rise to perceptions of partiality or favouritism—even if unintended.

However, the felicitation is part of a broader event on women’s empowerment and not solely focused on Meera. If she feels the recognition is meritorious and not an attempt to influence her, one possible course of action is to seek prior written permission from the competent authority. This not only aligns with the rules but also demonstrates transparency and good faith.

Regarding the article:

Rule 8 restricts government servants from contributing to publications of a political or controversial nature. Even though the magazine is known for critical views, Meera's proposed article is anecdotal and not policy critical. Nonetheless, Rule 19 also bars self-vindication or self-promotion through public platforms unless duly authorized.

In this case too, a safe and rule-compliant path would be to submit a formal request to the competent authority outlining the scope of the article. If permitted, Meera should ensure the tone remains neutral and that no internal departmental information or policy critique is included

Bibliography

Government of India. (1961). The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. Retrieved from https://legislative.gov.in

Government of India. (1964). Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Personnel and Training. Retrieved from https://dopt.gov.in

Government of India. (1986). The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986. Ministry of Labour and Employment. Retrieved from https://labour.gov.in

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. (2011). Office Memorandum No. 11013/3/2011-Estt.A, Clarification on media interaction by government employees. Retrieved from https://dopt.gov.in

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. (2014). Office Memorandum No. 11013/2/2014-Estt.(A-III), Guidelines on Prevention of Sexual Harassment. Retrieved from https://dopt.gov.in

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